The Use of Mise

The Use of Mise-en-Scene Transformers and Bad Boys II Essay Transformers and Bad Boys II were both directed by Michael Bay. Transformers is a science fiction film about huge human-like robots who come to earth from outer space. Bad Boys II is a movie about two cops who are on the drug task force in Miami. Director Bay uses mise-en-scene quite differently in both films. However there are a few similarities with each. He also uses a wide variety of camera shots, lighting, and angles in each film to portray different things. Each film has a different genre so Mr. Bay uses different techniques in each to convey the message he is trying to send the viewer. We will write a custom essay on The Use of Mise-en-Scene Transformers and Bad Boys II specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through analyzing the mise-en-scene used in each film we can understand what the director is trying to show the viewer. The scene I am going to use from Transformers is the scene where the Autobots first meet up with Sam and Mikayla in a back alley. This scene begins with Sam and Mikayla entering a back alley from one direction and the Autobots entering the alley from the other direction. The design of this scene is very ambiguous. It is set at night and in a back alley that is very dimly lit with lots of smoke and objects to impede the viewer’s view. I feel like the director used this approach because he wanted to build suspense for the first shot of the Transformers on the big screen. He knew the viewers would be anxious to see these huge machines transform for the first time and wanted to build as much suspense as possible up until that moment when the viewer can first see the how they looked and the size of the Transformers compared to humans. The composition of this scene is such that the director wants to show the size of the Transformers compared to humans. One part of the scene is shot from behind Sam and Mikayla as they look up to a fully transformed Optimus Prime. From this Point of View you can see just how massive the Transformers are compared to that of Sam and Mikayla. Also, Optimus is standing in between two buildings and you can tell that he is at least 30 to 40 feet tall because his head is 3 or 4 stories up the building. The director uses the frame in these shots to show the viewers the sheer size of the Transformer Optimus Prime. Through showing the viewer his size the director shows how powerful and well respected these characters should be in this film. He also shows Optimus’ size compared to that of the other Autobots. Because Optimus is much taller and the first to speak to Sam and Mikayla the director shows that Optimus is the leader of the Autobots. The scene I chose from Bad Boys II was after the Miami PD and DEA bust the transport of ecstasy in the Miami harbor. The bad guys happen to capture Marcus’ sister in the process and take her by plane back to their stronghold in Cuba. During the flight the bad guy calls Marcus to set up a switch between his drugs and Marcus’ sister. The design of this scene is very serious and important. It begins with a close up shot of Marcus receiving the call from the bad guy. This shows the viewer that Marcus is a very important part of this section of the film. The scene then jumps to inside the plane where the bad guy has Marcus’ sister and is talking with Marcus over the phone. When the bad guy is shown in the scene he is being shot from the ground up. .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .postImageUrl , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:hover , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:visited , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:active { border:0!important; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:active , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Review - Taken 3 EssayThis shows the viewer that he is a powerful character and that what he says to Marcus should not be taken lightly. Also, the bad guys costume is that of a business man with a nice suit. This shows that not only is the character financially able to do whatever is necessary to get what he wants, but also that he is an intelligent man capable of many different things; whether good or bad. The composition of this shot mainly shows the relationship between the two main characters, Marcus and Mike. As the scene progresses it shows Marcus standing up. This shows the viewer that what the bad guy is telling Marcus is extremely important and troubling to him. The scene then rotates over in front of Marcus and shows Mike also standing up with a concerned look as he tries to understand what’s going on with his partner. This not only shows the bond between the two partners, but it also shows that Mike has Marcus’ back no matter how large the circumstances. When Marcus hangs up the phone and says to Mike â€Å"shit just got real,† the concerned look on Mikes face shows all you need to know about the love shared between these two characters. As you can see Michel Bay was able to use mise-en-scene in ways that showed exactly what he was trying to portray to the viewers. Although both these films genres are very different, Director Bay used many of the same characteristics throughout both of these films. Of course, that is what makes each director unique is that they like to use certain shots and techniques for each film that they direct. Through just these two shots it can be seen how much mise-en-scene means to each and every film made today.

Is Climate Change Affecting Biodiversity Professor Ramos Blog

Is Climate Change Affecting Biodiversity This power point addresses the question, Is Climate Change Affecting Biodiversity? https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nnFg1HgSQC_YX-TnhSKjPLEr1ZddtroyxE9byox0Nwo/edit?usp=sharing

10 Fascinating Facts About Crickets

10 Fascinating Facts About Crickets True crickets  ­(family Gryllidae) are probably best known for their incessant chirping on late summer evenings. Most people can recognize a house or field cricket, but how much do you know about these familiar insects? Here are 10 fascinating facts about crickets: Close Cousins of Katydids Crickets belong to the order Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, locusts, and katydids. While all these insects share traits with crickets, katydids are their closest cousins. Crickets and katydids feature long antennae and ovipositors (tubular organs through which they deposit eggs), are nocturnal and omnivorous, and use similar methods to make music. Masterful Musicians Crickets sing an impressive variety of songs, each with its own purpose. A males calling song invites receptive females to come closer. He then serenades the female with his courtship song. If she accepts him as a mate, he might sing a song to announce their partnership. Male crickets also sing rivalry songs to defend their territories from competitors. Each cricket species produces a signature call, with a unique volume and pitch. Rubbing Wings Makes Music Crickets produce sound by stridulating, or rubbing body parts together. The male cricket has a vein at the base of his forewings that acts as a file or scraper. To sing, he pulls this ridged vein against the upper surface of the opposite wing, causing a vibration amplified by the thin membrane of the wing. Ears on Front Legs Male and female crickets have auditory organs on their lower forelegs, oval indentations called tympanal organs. These tiny membranes are stretched over small air spaces in the forelegs. Sound reaching the cricket causes these membranes to vibrate. The vibrations are sensed by a receptor called a chordotonal organ, which turns the sound into a nerve impulse so the cricket can make sense of what it hears. Acute Hearing Because the crickets tympanal organs are so sensitive to vibrations, its remarkably difficult to sneak up on a cricket without it hearing you coming. Have you ever heard a cricket chirping and tried to find it? Every time you walk in the direction of the crickets song, it stops singing. Since the cricket has ears on its legs, it can detect the slightest vibration created by your footsteps. The best way for a cricket to avoid predators is to stay quiet. Chirping Can Be Hazardous Although a crickets keen sense of hearing can protect it from larger predators, its no protection against the sly, silent parasitic fly. Some parasitic flies have learned to listen for a crickets song to locate it. As the cricket chirps, the fly follows the sound until it finds the unsuspecting male. Parasitic flies deposit their eggs on the cricket; when the larvae hatch, they ultimately kill their host. Counting Chirps Reveals Temperature Amos E. Dolbear, a Tufts University  professor, first documented a relationship between the rate of a crickets chirps and the ambient air temperature. In 1897, he published a mathematical equation, called Dolbears Law, that enables you to calculate the air temperature by counting the number of cricket chirps you hear in a minute. Since then, other scientists have improved on Dolbears work by devising equations for different cricket species. Edible and Nutritious Much of the worlds population eats insects as part of their everyday diet, but entomophagy, as the practice is known, isnt accepted as readily in the U.S. But products such as cricket flour have made eating insects more palatable to those who cant bear to chomp on a whole bug. Crickets are high in protein and calcium. Every 100 grams of crickets you consume provides almost 13 grams of protein and 76 milligrams of calcium. Revered in China For more than two millennia, the Chinese have been in love with crickets. Visit a Beijing market and youll find prize specimens fetching high prices. In recent decades, the Chinese have revived their ancient sport of cricket fighting. Owners of fighting  crickets  feed their prizefighters precise meals of ground worms and other nutritious grub. Crickets are also prized for their voices. Cricket singing  in the home is a sign of good luck and potential wealth. So cherished are these songsters that they are often displayed in the home in beautiful cages made from bamboo. Breeding Is Big Business Thanks to the demand created by owners and breeders of reptiles, which eat crickets, cricket-breeding is a multimillion-dollar business in the U.S. Large-scale breeders raise as many as 50 million crickets at a time in warehouse-size facilities. The common house cricket, Acheta domesticus, is raised commercially for the pet trade. In recent years, a deadly disease known as cricket paralysis virus has devastated the industry. Crickets infected with the virus as nymphs gradually become paralyzed as adults, flipping onto their backs and dying. Half the major cricket breeding farms in the U.S. went out of business because of the virus after losing millions of crickets to the disease. Sources Crickets and Temperature, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Entomology. Cranshaw, Whitney and Redak, Richard. Bugs Rule! An Introduction to the World of Insects.Elliott, Lang and Hershberger, Wil. The Songs of Insects.Evans, Arthur V. Field Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America.Frequently Asked Questions, Insectsarefood.com.The Cricket Paralysis Virus (C.P.V.), Cricket-Breeding.com.Ballenger, Joe. Cricket Virus Leads to Illegal Importation of Foreign Species for Pet Food, Entomology Today.

Leadership Phase 3 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Phase 3 Individual Project - Essay Example As a great deal as this wanted alter is to benefit both Ouest and EEST, more than a few things still need to be in use into consideration to make sure its achievement. In the three-year research learn, Organizing for Change (as quote in Paton, 2005), seven factors were identified for alter to be successful. Basically, the seven factors wrap top organization support that ensures planned agenda position with business objectives from side to side infrastructure and substantive taking part and development of the workers. This is ambitious by a strong reform team skilled in project organization (Orlikowski, W. J., & Hofman, J.D, 2004). As Director of Order Fulfillment Applications, it is fraction of your duties to contain an understanding of the EEST civilization. It has now also turn out to be fraction of your duties to appreciate the Ouest culture. The amalgamation of these two cultures into one operational system will be fraction of your change organization plan. Given that you are the one ready with knowledge of the overall company strategies as well as the culture at the other end of the managerial tree, you have to be able to create it work for the benefit of the corporation as a entire and for the benefit of each person in your subdivision (Doyle, M.I., & Smith, M.K, 2007). Organisational civilization can be distinct as "The specific compilation of principles and norms that are communal by people and groups in an organisation and that manage the method they interrelate with each other and by means of stakeholders exterior the organisation". Each and each organisation has its sole culture; this is usually shaped automatically, based on the decision of top organization and the core personnel inside the organisation. The events of employees within an organisation are more often than not a consequence of not only their own thoughts, but are largely prejudiced by the socialisation procedures of the exact culture to which they

Products, Services and prices in the Free

Products, Services and prices in the Free Market Essay Price elasticity of demand is a term commonly used in economic and business studies to mean an elasticity that measures the degree of the relationship between variation in quantity demanded of a good and variation in its price. In most cases normal goods and most inferior goods price drops results into increase in the quantity demanded. But goods for which there is no substitute are generally inelastic. This type of demand is relatively associated with necessities. However, products with a high elasticity in most cases have many substitutes. (Karl 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Southern Airline, there are various airlines that operate through the same part of America. Thus there are a number of substitutes in the area which means that the demand is elastic. If for example the company charge too much on its tickets, people are likely to move to the other forms of air travel in Texas. (Karl 1999) Demand for giffen goods or Veblen goods are considered to increase with increase in price. First class air travel happened to rank in the classification of giffen goods (goods whose demand increase with increase in price) so I would advice you to increases the price of the first class tickets but not for the ordinary class passages. (Henderson 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, there is a case of price inflation, during an economic bubble, consumer perception have a crucial role in explaining products’ demand in some categories. If for example you   increase your prices, customers may come on the perception that you are charging higher because you are offering higher quality services. This in return will have a positive impact on the company’s revenue. (Karl 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price elasticity demand is affected by a number of factors but all of them are under one umbrella the ‘choice’.   By choice we mean the power of choice the consumers of a certain good holds to give up the consumption of the said good. All this is due to consumer’s ‘perceived value’ like first class those customers value their prestige and will not do without it. So I would advice you to increase the 1st class ticket prices. Also, on the other classes based on the principle of price inflation during an economic bubble you can increase the price believing that people will perceive that there is quality improvement and respond positively thereby increasing the overall revenue. (Sowell 2004) Air travel is a basic necessity to some long distance travelers in America. This means that if price is increased they will probably not change their mode of transport. Thus change in price is not likely to affect much the change in demand since the elasticity of the product is not too elastic.   I would advice you to increase the price since you offer good quality service, Air travel to some people is habitual and they will still come, most of the people   who use air travel have good income and thus they will not be affected or strain financially and thus realize some decreased revenue. (Karl 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Income Elasticity of demand evaluates the responsiveness of quantity demanded of good to the variation in the income of people demanding this good. It is the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percent change in income. (Henderson 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this case, the third class travelers who are the majority have a negative income elasticity of demand. This means that an increase in income will lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded for some specific less luxurious class. Therefore if customer’s income is increased by 10%, they will tend to move to the higher prestigious classes. Also, more people who would like to travel by air and find it economically straining if their income is raised, they would travel by air that means that increase in consumer income by 10% may result to increase in the demand by same proportion. A zero income elasticity of demand would occur in the prestigious class travel. This means that increase in their income will not have an effect on their demand. (Karl 1999) AN OVERVIEW OF SOUTHWEST AIRLINES Southwest Airlines was originally started to serve three cities in Texas as Air Southwest back in 1967 by Rolling King and Herb Kelleher. These routes were Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. It is the largest airline that operates within California, with 694 flights total in the state, 370 of which are intra-California. Currently, Southwest operates in 64 cities in 32 states, with more than 3,300 flights a day. It has notably large operations in certain airports. These airports operate non-stop flights to more than half of the Southwest system. It also uses other secondary airports which have lower costs which may or may not be, more convenient to travelers than the major airports to the same destinations such as Midway Airport in Chicago and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport. The company offers both the local and international airline services. An average of three quarters of Southwest passengers is local passengers, meaning only a quarter of all passengers are connecting passengers. This is relatively higher than most airlines, where travelers often connect in hub cities. Southwest Airlines has also set a goal to code share with ATA and begin international codeshare services or ticket for international flights in 2009. Destinations that may be served by this include Canada, the Caribbean, and Mexico Southwest Airlines also makes exceptions to the philosophy of serving those secondary airports by flying into some larger airports in major cities, such as Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Success and profitability of this company led to a common trend named after the company as The Southwest Effect. The price in the company may drop when a low fare carrier or any aggressive and innovative company comes into market. They believe that a drop in price not only doubles the customers but may quadruple them. Southwest has a program to hedge fuel prices. It purchases fuel options years in advance so to smooth out fuel costs variations. This helps the company to take market conditions advantage for example in 2000. It also hopes to take advantage of historically low prices of jet. According to its 2006 Annual Report, fuel prices have been fluctuating over the past years: 2004 82.8 cents/gallon 2005 103.3 cents/gallon 2006 153.0 cents/gallon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.southwest.com/about us In conclusion, it can be said that price can be increased in the case of the Southwest Airline under conventional economic assumptions of consumer rationality: that people will look for the quality not the pricing. Also, company has a relatively inelastic demand and the prices will not affect the customers. So it is advisable to raise the price also because the ‘good’ in this case is giffen good. Reference Karl E. Ray C. (1999). Principles of Economics (5th ed.). Prentice-Hall Publishers Henderson, H (2004), Supply and Demand. Kessinger Publishers Sowell T (2004). Basic Economics: A Citizens Guide to the Economy Basic Book Publishers Smith A (1982), The Wealth of Nations. Penguine Classics www.southwest.com/about us

Physics of the Theremin Musical Instrument :: physics theremin

The theremin is an electronic musical instrument that is played using electrical fields. When it was first introduced, people were shocked to see this instrument that could be played without even touching it. The theremin unsually is tuned so that it has a range of three and a half octaves. The theremin's operation is based on the theory of beat frequencies. Two antennas stick out on each side. Usually a vertical antenna is located on the right which controls the pitch. The closer the players hand is, the higher the pitch. A horizontal loop antenna is located on the left and controls the volume. The closer the hand is, the louder the volume. Patented in 1928 by Leon Theremin, the theremin has not escaped its original status as a novelty instrument. Most people have heard the theremin, even though they may not recognize it. The theremin is a staple of sci-fi films, particularly classic ones. It is not as prominent today but it has featured in recent movies such as Mars Attacks and Ed Wood. The theremin was invented in 1921 by Leon Theremin (nee Lev Termen). It is one of the most important musical instruments of the twentieth century because it is the first electronic intsrument. Leon Theremin first came up with the idea for the theremin when in high school. He noticed depending on how close a person stands to a Tesla coil, the coil hums in different pitches. After its inveiling in 1921, Theremin toured his instrument around Russia, sparking the curiosity of almost everybody who saw it. The theremin made its way to America in 1928, where it gained more popularity. In 1929, RCA bought the rights to manufacture the instrument. Leon Theremin stayed in America, where he met Clara Rockmore, the theremin's first virtuoso. Theremin worked on many variations of his original instrument including the Terpsitone (controlled by the entire body), an electric cello, and a theremin controlled only by the eyes. In 1954 Robert Moog (famous for his synthesizers of the same name) started production of the theremin. His company, Big Briar Inc., still produces them today. It also produces kits for those who wish to build their own theremin. The popularity of the theremin started to rise again and it was included in several movies (The Day the Earth Stood Still, Spellbound, and Lost Weekend). The Beach Boys and Led Zeppelin both used it in their hit songs "Good Vibrations" and "Whole Lotta Love," respectively.

Customized Degree Plan Essay

1 Why have you chosen the elective classes in your degree plan? I attended the University of Phoenix, before I started my classes at Kaplan University. While attending the University of Phoenix, majority of my electives were pre chosen for me. I would like a career in criminal profiling or criminal investigations. My choice of elective classes will be Psychology, sociology, or criminal profiling. Although while attending the University of Phoenix, I was majoring in Business; so two of my electives were Psychology and Sociology. I need this knowledge to be as successful in interrogations or crime scene evidence. 2 What skills, and knowledge do you expect to learn from these classes? The classes I attended at the University of Phoenix gave me the basic knowledge. Psychology and Sociology gave me the insight on how to figure an individuals, mental and social behaviors. I learned that you have to get into a person’s mind, and understand how they operate in their own habitat. I plan to gain the extra knowledge of how to understand the criminal justice field and the emotional stability and social environment of the individuals I encounter with. 3 How will these individual skills and knowledge help you in your field? The skills that I learn will help me to visualize individuals and learn their social behaviors. I plan to be successful my field and help keep the crime down and the community safe, by catching the culprits who want to commit crime. The youth need guidance and the neighborhoods need a makeover for drug free and violence free community. 4 How will these electives further your career goals? The electives I choose will help me to achieve my goals and accomplishments at obtaining my degree in the criminal justice field.

Amputation Mishap

Amputation Mishap The Neighborhood News reports of a medical error at The Neighborhood Hospital. The report states a 62 year-old male patient underwent surgery to have his leg amputated only to discover the wrong leg was amputated during surgery. The newspaper article states the mishap is negligence. In the following paragraphs, negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice are discussed and determine if the newspaper’s statement of negligence is correct. Ethical principles in nursing and nursing documentation regarding such issues are also discussed. Negligence and malpractice fall under the tort laws definition.According to Guido (2010), â€Å"Torts are civil wrongs, not based on contracts, but on personal transgressions in that the responsible person performed an action incorrectly or omitted a necessary action† (p. 92). Tort laws are based on fault and in a health-care setting, tort laws are the most common. To determine if the above scenario results in negligence, gross negligence, or medical malpractice, one must understand the definition of each. According to Guido (2010), negligence is a general term and â€Å"equates with carelessness, a deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would use in a particular set of circumstances† (p. 2). According to Judson and Harrison (2006), four key elements (four D’s), must be present to prove negligence (p. 101): 1. Duty: The person charged has a duty to provide care to the patient. Neighborhood Hospital and staff have a duty to provide a standard of care that a reasonable person would use in a particular set of circumstances. 2. Dereliction: The person charged breaches the duty of care to the patient. The operating room team failed to identify the correct leg for amputation prior to proceeding with the operation; therefore a breach of duty has occurred. 3.Direct cause: The breach of duty is a direct cause of injury to the patient. The wrong leg is amputated as a direct result of failure to identify the correct leg for amputation. As a direct result, the patient will become a double amputee once the correct leg is amputated. 4. Damages: A recognizable injury to the patient is present. In this case, the wrong leg was amputated deeming a recognizable injury. Using the above criteria, negligence is present in this case scenario. Gross negligence occurs when medical practitioners perform an intentional act regardless of the negative, anticipated consequences.In this scenario, the patient must prove the medical staff at Neighborhood Hospital intentionally amputated the wrong leg. The medical staff at Neighborhood Hospital did not intentionally amputate the wrong leg, therefore ruling out gross negligence. According to Guido (2010), medical malpractice is â€Å"the failure of a professional person to act in accordance with the prevailing professional standards or failure to foresee consequences that a professional person, having the necessary skills and education, should foresee† (p. 93). Guido further states the difference between negligence and malpractice is licensure.If the act is by a non-professional person, it is negligence. If the act is by a professional person, it is malpractice. Six elements must be present to prove malpractice (Guido, 2010, p. 93): 1. Duty owed to the patient Neighborhood Hospital and staff have a duty to provide a standard of care that a reasonable person would use in a particular set of circumstances. 2. Breach of the duty owed to the patient. The operating room team failed to identify the correct leg for amputation prior to proceeding with the operation; therefore a breach of duty has occurred. 3. Foreseeability.The omission of identifying the correct leg for amputation prior to surgery. 4. Causation: breach of duty owed caused injury. The wrong leg is amputated as a direct result of failure to identify the correct leg for amputation. As a direct result, the patient will become a double ampute e once the correct leg is amputated. 5. Injury. In this case, the wrong leg was amputated deeming a recognizable injury. 6. Damages. The amputated leg cannot be replaced; therefore the patient is entitled to compensatory damages regarding pain and suffering, permanent disability, disfigurement, emotional damages as well as financial loss and medical expenses.In this scenario, all six elements to prove malpractice are present. The negligence is by licensed personnel in a hospital setting. Using the definitions and criteria above, the newspaper incorrectly defines the mishap as negligence. The correct term to use in this case is professional negligence or malpractice. Nursing documentation should be reflective of the patient’s hospital stay. This includes identifying and addressing patient needs, assessments, problems, limitations, and responses to nursing interventions.According to Guido (2010), â€Å"Documentation must show continuity of care, interventions that were impleme nted, and patient responses to the therapies implemented. Nurses’ notes are to be concise, clear, timely, and complete† (p. 197). Guido (2010) lists the following guidelines for nurses to use to ensure documentation is complete and accurate (p. 197-209): 1. Make an entry for every observation. If documentation is absent, it can be assumed an observation did not take place. 2. Follow-up as needed. Evaluation and observations require follow up to ensure appropriate patient responses and optimal outcomes. . Read nurses notes prior to giving care. Reading nurses notes enable the nurse to know and understand patient diagnosis, response to treatment, and steps necessary to carry out the plan of care. 4. Always make an entry (even if it is late). Document immediately after the observation to reduce the risk of losing valuable information. A late entry is acceptable although risks omitting valuable information. Never document an event before it happens. 5. Use clear and objecti ve language. Document using clear, objective, and definite terms to describe the observation.Vague terms lead to misinterpretation. 6. Be realistic and factual. It is important to document factual observations and assessments exactly as they happen. It is also recommended to document a realistic picture of the patient, especially if the patient is noncompliant with the plan of care. 7. Chart only one’s own observations. Charting observations of others is not accurate observations and can cause credibility of the nurse in question. 8. Chart all patient education 9. Correct chart errors. 10. Identify oneself after every entry. 11. Use standardized checklists or flow sheets. 2. Leave no room for liability. According to Guido (2010), â€Å"Understanding one’s ethics and values is the first step in understanding the ethics and values of others and in assuring the delivery of appropriate nursing care† (p. 4). Nurses and other healthcare providers face ethical issues d aily. Together, law and ethics guide nursing practice to provide safe, effective care keeping patients free from harm. â€Å"Ethics are concerned with standards of behavior and the concept of right and wrong, over and above that which is legal in a given situation† (Judson & Harrison, 2006, p. ). In addition, understanding law and ethics in nursing practice keeps nurses at their professional best and decreases the risk of legal litigation, such as the scenario described by the Neighborhood News. â€Å"Though malpractice is rare in the lives of individual healthcare professionals, the number of malpractice suits is on the rise† (Larson & Elliott, 2010, p. 153). The nursing profession has more professional responsibility and accountability than any other time in the history of nursing.According to Weld and Garmon Bibb (2009), â€Å"nurses must confront the fact that they now owe a higher duty of care to their patients, and by extension, are more exposed to civil claims for negligence than ever before† (p. 2). Understanding ethical principles in nursing, importance of nursing documentation and how it relates to medical malpractice and negligence is imperative. References: Guido, G. W. (2010). Legal & Ethical Issues in Nursing (5th ed. ). University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Judson, K. , & Harrison, C. (2006). Law & Ethics for Medical Careers (5th ed. ). University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.Larson, K. , & Elliott, R. (2010, March-April). The Emotional Impact of Malpractice. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 37(2), 153-156. Ebscohost. com. Prideaux, A. (2011). Issues in Nursing Documentation and Record Keeping Practice. British Journal of Nursing, 20(22), 1450-1454. Ebscohost. com The Neighborhood- Pearson Health Science. The Neighborhood News. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://pearsonneighborhood. ecollege. com/re/DotNextLaunch. asp? courseid=3609454 Weld, K. K. , & Garmon Bibb, S. C. (2009, January-March). Concept Analys is: Malpractice and Modern-Day Nursing Practice. Nursing Forum, 44(1), 2-10. Ebscohost. com.

A Cultural Approach Essays - American Studies, Cultural Assimilation

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